Translators transfer written text from one language to another. This is normally from a foreign language into their own mother tongue.
Translators have to ensure the new text matches the original as closely as possible. They need a thorough knowledge of the subject as well as the languages involved. They may use the internet, reference books and specialist translation software to aid their work.
Translators may work on:
- books
- business reports and legal documents
- advertisements
- educational materials
- games software
- website content
- subtitles for film or DVD
- instruction manuals.
Most translators work freelance, from home. Their workload is likely to be irregular. Some translators combine the role with other work, such as teaching or proofreading.
Depending on the subject and the language, fees range from €60 to €130 for each 1,000 words translated. In-house translators may earn between €25,000 and €40,000 a year.
Translators need:
- fluency in writing their own language
- excellent skills in at least one other language
- specialist knowledge in a field such as business, law or healthcare
- comprehensive knowledge of the culture of the countries where their chosen languages are spoken
- accuracy and the ability to meet deadlines
- research and IT skills
- an interest in other countries and cultures.
Freelance translators gain work from translation agencies or direct from clients, such as publishers or businesses.
There is strong competition for full-time jobs. These are offered by international organisations such as the European Union (EU) and United Nations (UN), some government departments, large companies and translation agencies.
It may be possible to enter as a junior in-house translator or project manager with a translation agency.
Most translators hold a degree. This may be in languages or translation. Some entrants do a first degree in a different subject, and then take a postgraduate course in translation. Masters degrees are offered by several universities, while the Chartered Institute of Linguists (IoL) offers a postgraduate-level Diploma in Translation.
Experience of using the specialist language by living in a country where it is spoken is an advantage.
Freelance translators need to build their businesses by acquiring experience and a good reputation. In-house translators may need to change jobs to advance, since many translation agencies are small.